Autonomous Operation of Stationary Battery Energy Storage Systems—Optimal Storage Design and Economic Potential
نویسندگان
چکیده
Global warming requires a changeover from fossil fuel based to renewable energy sources on the electrical supply side and electrification of demand side. Due transient nature renewables fluctuating demand, buffer capacities are necessary compensate for supply/demand imbalances. Battery storage systems promising. However, initial costs high. Repurposing electric vehicle batteries can reduce costs. Further, design optimization could significantly improve Therefore, battery control algorithm was developed, simulation study performed identify optimal its economic potential. The used is autonomous (on-site) optimization, which relies an incentive determining operation mode (charge, discharge, or idle). historic day-ahead stock market price electricity, resulting potential gains different European countries were compared years 2015–2019. This showed that there correlation between gain, (capacity-to-power ratio), mean standard deviation, as well relative change prices. Low yearly deviations about 0.5 Euro Cents per kWh capacity lead earnings 1 €/kWh, Cent 10 2 20 €/kWh. Small changes, lower than 5%, capacity-to-power ratios greater 3, changes around 10% 1.5 1. While in like United Kingdom, high expected, prospective Norway low due limited performance.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Energies
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1996-1073']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051333